Wire Over Ground Plane Resistance
Wire Over Ground Plane Resistance Model
DC resistance of a wire over ground plane is:
Units: Ohms
AC resistance of a wire over ground plane is:
Units: Ohms
Skin Depth is:
Units: meters
Description
Resistance calculated using this tool includes both dc and ac resistance of the wire over ground plane. At low frequencies, where skin depth is greater than conductor width and thickness, ac resistance is approximately the same as the dc resistance. As frequency increases, ac resistance increases.
Assumptions and Limitations
Dimensions are in meters.
Conductors are assumed to have equal, uniform circular cross section over their length.
Separation between the conductors is assumed to be large enough that proximity effect may be ignored.
Wire relative permeability: 
Wire relative conductivity: 
Constants
Permeability of free space: 
H/m
Conductivity of copper: 
= 5.98 x 10 7 S/m (Siemens per meter) at 20-degrees C
Reference: “Analysis of Multiconductor Transmission Lines,” 2nd Ed., Clayton R. Paul, 2008.
= 